Henry I of England

Henry was crowned king of England on August 5, 1100, just three days after his brother William II's death. He issued the Charter of Liberties, promising to curb royal abuses.

Henry defeated his brother Robert Curthose at Tinchebray in Normandy. Robert was captured and imprisoned for life, and Henry reunited England and Normandy under his rule.

Henry established the Exchequer as a central financial department, standardizing tax collection and accounting. He also issued the Leges Henrici Primi, a legal code that systematized English law.

Henry's only legitimate son, William Adelin, drowned in the White Ship disaster off the coast of Normandy. This tragedy left Henry without a male heir, leading to a succession crisis after his death.

Henry died on December 1, 1135, at Lyons-la-For