Bhoja

Bhoja patronized the university at Dhara, his capital, attracting scholars from across India. He established a library and supported studies in grammar, philosophy, and astronomy. This made Dhara a major center of learning.

Bhoja wrote the Samarangana Sutradhara, a comprehensive treatise on architecture and engineering. The text covers temple construction, town planning, and mechanical devices. It became a foundational work in Indian architectural theory.

Bhoja's army was defeated by the Chaulukya king Bhima I of Gujarat in a battle near the Narmada River. This loss halted Paramara expansion westward and forced Bhoja to pay tribute. It marked a significant setback for his reign.

Bhoja began construction of the Bhojeshwar Temple at Bhojpur, dedicated to Shiva. The temple features a massive lingam and a large dome, but was left incomplete at his death. It remains a significant example of Paramara architecture.