Qin Er Shi

After Qin Shi Huang's death, Zhao Gao and Li Si forged a decree to force the crown prince Fusu to commit suicide and installed Huhai as Qin Er Shi. This illegitimate succession undermined the dynasty's legitimacy and placed an incompetent ruler on the throne.

Chen Sheng and Wu Guang led a rebellion of conscripted farmers at Dazexiang, sparking widespread revolts across the Qin empire. Qin Er Shi's harsh policies and heavy taxation had created widespread discontent, and the uprising quickly spread, leading to the dynasty's collapse.

Zhao Gao falsely accused Chancellor Li Si of treason. Qin Er Shi ordered Li Si's execution by the Five Pains method, along with his entire family. This removed the last capable administrator from the Qin court, accelerating the dynasty's decline.

Zhao Gao, fearing Qin Er Shi's anger over military defeats, staged a coup and forced the emperor to commit suicide. Zhao Gao then installed Ziying as the new king. This event marked the effective end of Qin rule, as Ziying surrendered to Liu Bang shortly after.