
Son of Charlemagne, his reign saw the beginning of Carolingian decline.
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Louis issued the Ordinatio Imperii, dividing the Frankish Empire among his three sons: Lothair, Pepin, and Louis the German. This plan aimed to maintain unity under Lothair's seniority but led to civil wars after Pepin's death.
Louis performed public penance at Attigny for the death of his nephew Bernard of Italy, whom he had blinded. This act weakened his authority and set a precedent for ecclesiastical intervention in royal affairs.
After Louis's death, his sons fought the Battle of Fontenoy, where Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeated Lothair. This battle was a key event in the Carolingian civil wars that led to the empire's fragmentation.
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