Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei

Taiwu's forces conquered the Xia state, a Xiongnu-led kingdom in the Ordos region. This victory eliminated a major rival and secured Northern Wei's western frontier.

Taiwu's army conquered the Northern Yan state in Liaoning, extending Northern Wei's control into the northeast. This further consolidated his unification of the north.

Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei conquered the Northern Liang state, completing the unification of northern China under the Northern Wei dynasty. This ended the Sixteen Kingdoms period and established Northern Wei as the dominant power in the north.

Emperor Taiwu issued an edict suppressing Buddhism, ordering the destruction of monasteries, scriptures, and images. This was part of his promotion of Daoism and consolidation of state control, and it severely weakened Buddhism in northern China for a time.

Emperor Taiwu was assassinated by the eunuch Zong Ai, who then placed Taiwu's son on the throne. This event caused a brief succession crisis and highlighted the power struggles within the Northern Wei court.