Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei vs Orodes II

Taiwu's forces conquered the Xia state, a Xiongnu-led kingdom in the Ordos region. This victory eliminated a major rival and secured Northern Wei's western frontier.

Taiwu's army conquered the Northern Yan state in Liaoning, extending Northern Wei's control into the northeast. This further consolidated his unification of the north.

Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei conquered the Northern Liang state, completing the unification of northern China under the Northern Wei dynasty. This ended the Sixteen Kingdoms period and established Northern Wei as the dominant power in the north.

Emperor Taiwu issued an edict suppressing Buddhism, ordering the destruction of monasteries, scriptures, and images. This was part of his promotion of Daoism and consolidation of state control, and it severely weakened Buddhism in northern China for a time.

Emperor Taiwu was assassinated by the eunuch Zong Ai, who then placed Taiwu's son on the throne. This event caused a brief succession crisis and highlighted the power struggles within the Northern Wei court.

Orodes II invaded Armenia and installed his son Pacorus I as king, expanding Parthian influence into the Caucasus. This campaign brought Armenia into the Parthian orbit and set the stage for future conflicts with Rome over the region.

Orodes II's general Surena annihilated a Roman army under Marcus Licinius Crassus at Carrhae in Mesopotamia. Crassus was killed, and the Parthians captured the legionary standards. This victory established Parthia as a major rival to Rome and avenged earlier Roman incursions.

Orodes II ordered the execution of his general Surena shortly after the victory at Carrhae, fearing his growing popularity and power. This act eliminated a capable commander and weakened Parthian military leadership.