
Grandson of Charlemagne, king of West Francia.
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Charles the Bald, along with his brothers Lothair and Louis the German, signed the Treaty of Verdun, dividing the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms. Charles received West Francia, which became the foundation of modern France.
Charles faced repeated Viking invasions, including the siege of Paris in 845. He paid large tributes (Danegeld) to buy off attackers, a strategy that temporarily secured peace but drained royal resources and exposed military weakness.
Pope John VIII crowned Charles the Bald as Holy Roman Emperor, following the death of Louis II. This coronation asserted Charles's claim to imperial authority but was contested by other Carolingian rulers.
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