King Gongmin vs Tokhtamysh

Gongmin launched military campaigns to reclaim northern territories that had been ceded to the Yuan dynasty. Goryeo forces recaptured the Ssangseong and Dongnyeong regions, restoring the kingdom's traditional borders.

King Gongmin expelled Mongol officials and military personnel from Goryeo, ending the Yuan dynasty's direct control over the kingdom. He abolished the Mongol-style administrative offices and reasserted Goryeo's sovereignty.

Gongmin implemented a series of reforms to eliminate Mongol influence, including restoring Korean names for government offices, reviving Confucian rituals, and promoting native Korean culture. These reforms strengthened national identity.

Queen Noguk, Gongmin's Mongol wife and close advisor, died under mysterious circumstances, possibly by poisoning. Her death deeply affected Gongmin, leading to his increasing paranoia and erratic behavior in later years.

King Gongmin was assassinated by his eunuchs and close aides, possibly with the involvement of pro-Mongol factions. His death ended the reform era and led to a period of political instability in Goryeo.

Tokhtamysh, with the support of Timur, defeated the rebellious general Mamai and reunified the Golden Horde under his rule. He restored the Horde's authority over the Russian principalities, ending a period of fragmentation.

Tokhtamysh led a campaign against the Grand Duchy of Moscow. He besieged and captured Moscow, burning the city and massacring its inhabitants. The victory reasserted Mongol dominance over the Russian principalities.

Tokhtamysh invaded Timur's territory in Transoxiana, starting a war between the two Mongol rulers. Timur retaliated by invading the Golden Horde, defeating Tokhtamysh at the Battle of the Kondurcha River in 1391.

Timur decisively defeated Tokhtamysh at the Battle of the Terek River. The victory destroyed Tokhtamysh's army and led to the sack of Sarai, the capital of the Golden Horde. Tokhtamysh fled and never regained power.

After his defeat by Timur, Tokhtamysh fled to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He was killed in a skirmish with a rival Mongol faction near Tyumen. His death marked the end of the last attempt to reunite the Golden Horde.