Huan Wen vs Pompey the Great

Huan Wen led a campaign to conquer the Cheng Han state in Sichuan. He defeated the Cheng Han army and captured its capital Chengdu, annexing the region into the Jin Dynasty and expanding Jin territory.

Huan Wen launched a series of northern expeditions against the Former Qin and other states. He achieved initial victories but failed to hold territory, ultimately retreating due to lack of supplies and political opposition at court.

Huan Wen deposed Emperor Fei of Jin and installed Emperor Jianwen, a puppet ruler. He sought to usurp the throne but died in 373 before completing his plans, leaving his son Huan Xuan to later attempt the same.

Pompey was granted extraordinary command under the Lex Gabinia to eliminate piracy in the Mediterranean. He divided the sea into sectors and within three months destroyed pirate fleets and captured their strongholds, restoring Roman trade routes and grain supply.

Pompey took command against Mithridates VI of Pontus, defeating him and forcing his suicide. He then annexed Syria, captured Jerusalem, and established Roman provinces in the East. He organized the region into client kingdoms and provinces, extending Roman hegemony to the Euphrates.

Pompey, Caesar, and Crassus formed a political alliance to advance their individual ambitions. Pompey sought ratification of his Eastern settlements and land for his veterans. The pact dominated Roman politics for a decade until Crassus's death in 53 BC.

Pompey commanded the senatorial army against Caesar at Pharsalus in Greece. Despite numerical superiority, his forces were defeated by Caesar's veterans. Pompey fled to Egypt, expecting refuge, but was assassinated on the orders of the Egyptian court upon arrival.

After his defeat at Pharsalus, Pompey landed in Egypt seeking refuge. On September 28, 48 BC, he was stabbed to death by former Roman soldiers serving the Egyptian king Ptolemy XIII, who hoped to curry favor with Caesar. His head was presented to Caesar.