Shang Kexi

Shang Kexi, a Ming general stationed in Liaodong, surrendered to the Qing dynasty after a series of defeats. His defection provided the Qing with experienced Han Chinese troops and knowledge of Ming defenses.

Shang Kexi led his Han Chinese forces in the Qing invasion of China proper, participating in the capture of Beijing and subsequent campaigns against Ming loyalists in the south. His troops were instrumental in the Qing victory.

The Qing court enfeoffed Shang Kexi as the Prince of Pingnan (Pacifier of the South), granting him hereditary rule over Guangdong province. This made him one of the Three Feudatories, semi-autonomous vassals in southern China.

Shang Kexi initially remained loyal to the Qing when Wu Sangui launched the Rebellion of the Three Feudatories. However, his son Shang Zhixin joined the rebels, and Shang Kexi was caught in the conflict, dying before its resolution.

Shang Kexi died during the Rebellion of the Three Feudatories, with his son Shang Zhixin having defected to the rebels. His death marked the end of his personal rule, and the Qing later suppressed the rebellion, abolishing the feudatory system.