John of England

King John lost the Duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France after the fall of Ch

Pope Innocent III placed England under interdict after John refused to accept Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury. This suspended church services, causing widespread discontent and leading to John's excommunication.

After repudiating Magna Carta, John faced the First Barons' War, where rebel barons invited Prince Louis of France to take the English throne. John fought to retain control, leading to widespread devastation.

Under pressure from rebellious barons, John signed Magna Carta at Runnymede. The charter limited royal power, established legal rights, and influenced constitutional law, though John later repudiated it.

John died of dysentery at Newark Castle during the First Barons' War. His death allowed his young son Henry III to succeed, and the war ended with the Treaty of Lambeth.