John III of Brabant

John III, as Duke of Brabant, granted the Charter of Kortenberg, a landmark document that limited ducal power and established a council of nobles and towns to oversee governance. This charter is considered an early step toward constitutional rule in Brabant.

Upon John III's death, his daughter Joanna inherited Brabant, but her husband Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg faced challenges from the Count of Flanders. This conflict, known as the War of the Brabant Succession, began immediately after John's death.

John III of Brabant led the Brabantine army to victory against the forces of the Count of Flanders near Brussels. The battle secured Brabant's independence from Flemish expansion and solidified John's reputation as 'the Triumphant'.