Ibrahim Lodi

Ibrahim Lodi alienated the Afghan nobles by replacing them with low-born officials and treating them harshly. This led to widespread disaffection and rebellions, including the defection of Daulat Khan Lodi to Babur. It fatally weakened his rule.

Ibrahim Lodi led a campaign against the Rajput ruler Rana Sanga of Mewar, who had invaded Lodi territory. He forced Sanga to retreat but failed to decisively defeat him. This conflict diverted resources from the growing Mughal threat.

Ibrahim Lodi's army was defeated by Babur's Mughal forces at the First Battle of Panipat. Babur used gunpowder weapons and cavalry tactics to overwhelm the larger Lodi army. Ibrahim Lodi was killed in battle, ending the Lodi dynasty.