
Renaissance monarch who patronized Leonardo da Vinci.
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Francis I led a French army to victory against the Swiss at Marignano, securing control of the Duchy of Milan. This battle established Francis I as a major military leader and marked the beginning of his Italian campaigns.
Francis I invited Leonardo da Vinci to France, providing him with the Ch
Francis I signed the Concordat of Bologna with Pope Leo X, which gave the French king the right to appoint bishops and abbots. This agreement strengthened royal control over the French Church and reduced papal influence in France.
Francis I was defeated and captured by Imperial forces at the Battle of Pavia. He was imprisoned in Spain and forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid, renouncing French claims in Italy. This was a major setback for French ambitions.
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