Emperor Go-Sanjo

Upon ascending the throne, Go-Sanjo sought to govern without a Fujiwara regent, breaking the tradition of Fujiwara control over the imperial succession. He appointed non-Fujiwara officials and issued edicts directly, challenging the regency system.

Go-Sanjo implemented policies to reclaim tax-exempt lands held by temples and aristocrats, aiming to strengthen imperial finances. These reforms reduced the economic power of the Fujiwara and other noble houses, though they faced resistance.

Go-Sanjo abdicated in favor of his son Shirakawa but continued to exert influence from retirement, laying the groundwork for the cloistered government system. This allowed retired emperors to rule behind the scenes, bypassing Fujiwara regents.