Chiang Kai-shek

Chiang Kai-shek led the National Revolutionary Army in the Northern Expedition to defeat warlords and unify China. The campaign succeeded in capturing Beijing and establishing Kuomintang control over most of the country.

Chiang Kai-shek ordered the purge of communists and leftists in Shanghai, resulting in thousands of deaths. This event broke the First United Front between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, leading to civil war.

Chiang Kai-shek, as leader of the Kuomintang, commanded Chinese forces during the Second Sino-Japanese War. He directed the defense of Shanghai and the relocation of the capital to Chongqing, maintaining resistance against Japan.

Chiang Kai-shek signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, which recognized Soviet interests in Manchuria in exchange for Soviet support against Japan. The treaty later facilitated Communist gains in the civil war.

After losing the Chinese Civil War to the Communists, Chiang Kai-shek retreated to Taiwan with the remnants of the Kuomintang government and military. He established the Republic of China on Taiwan, claiming legitimacy over all of China.