
Father of Gustavus Adolphus.
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Charles IX, then Duke of S
Charles IX launched a war against Poland to claim the Swedish throne from Sigismund III. The war included the Battle of Kircholm (1605), a major Polish victory, and continued intermittently until 1629.
Charles IX was formally crowned King of Sweden after the Riksdag declared Sigismund deposed. His coronation solidified the Vasa dynasty's break with Poland and established a Protestant, anti-Catholic policy.
Charles IX initiated the Kalmar War against Denmark-Norway over control of the Baltic Sea. The war ended in 1613 with the Treaty of Kn
Charles IX granted a charter for the Swedish East India Company, though it was not fully realized until later. This initiative aimed to expand Swedish trade and influence in Asia.
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