Alexander Bortnikov

Alexander Bortnikov was appointed Director of the Federal Security Service (FSB) of Russia by President Dmitry Medvedev. He succeeded Nikolai Patrushev, becoming the head of Russia's primary security and intelligence agency, responsible for counterintelligence, border security, and counterterrorism.

Following the suicide bombings on the Moscow Metro by female attackers from the North Caucasus, Bortnikov directed the FSB's investigation and security response. The attacks killed 40 people and injured over 100, leading to increased security measures and counterterrorism operations in the region.

Under Bortnikov's leadership, the FSB played a key role in the Russian annexation of Crimea, including intelligence operations and support for local pro-Russian forces. The FSB's activities facilitated the rapid takeover of the peninsula, which was condemned by Ukraine and much of the international community.

Bortnikov directed the FSB's role in enforcing COVID-19 restrictions and monitoring compliance in Russia. The agency was involved in tracking infections, managing border closures, and investigating violations of quarantine measures, contributing to the government's pandemic response.