Mah Bow Tan vs Malcolm Fraser

Mah was appointed Minister for Transport, overseeing land transport policies and the development of the MRT system. He implemented measures to improve public transport efficiency.

Mah Bow Tan was appointed Minister for National Development, overseeing housing, urban planning, and infrastructure. He led the development of public housing policies and the HDB estate.

Mah introduced the Build-to-Order system for HDB flats, replacing the registration system. The BTO system aimed to better match supply with demand and reduce waiting times.

Mah lost his seat in the Tampines GRC to the Workers' Party in the 2011 general election, a major upset. He was the first cabinet minister to lose a GRC seat.

Fraser was appointed caretaker prime minister by Governor-General Sir John Kerr after the dismissal of Gough Whitlam. He led the Liberal-National coalition to a landslide victory in the subsequent election, winning 91 of 127 seats.

Fraser's government took a strong stance against apartheid, supporting economic sanctions against South Africa and opposing sporting contacts. He played a key role in the Commonwealth's Gleneagles Agreement, which discouraged sporting ties with South Africa.

Fraser's government formally adopted a policy of multiculturalism, establishing the Australian Institute of Multicultural Affairs and funding ethnic community organizations. This marked a shift from the previous assimilationist approach to immigration.

Fraser's government significantly increased the intake of Vietnamese boat people, resettling over 70,000 refugees. This humanitarian response set a precedent for Australia's refugee program and diversified the nation's cultural makeup.

Fraser called a snap election in March 1983, but was defeated by Bob Hawke's Labor Party. The election ended Fraser's seven-year tenure as prime minister and marked the beginning of a long period of Labor government.