Konstantinos Karamanlis vs Lord Dufferin

Karamanlis founded the National Radical Union (ERE), a conservative political party. The party dominated Greek politics for the next decade, implementing economic development programs and pursuing NATO integration.

Karamanlis signed the London and Zurich Agreements, which established the independence of Cyprus as a bi-communal republic. The agreements were controversial but ended the Cyprus Emergency and created the modern Cypriot state.

After losing the 1963 elections, Karamanlis went into self-imposed exile in Paris. He remained there for 11 years, refusing to participate in Greek politics during the military junta, maintaining his distance from the dictatorship.

After the fall of the junta, Karamanlis returned from exile to lead the transition to democracy. He formed a national unity government, legalized political parties, and called elections, restoring democratic institutions in Greece.

Karamanlis held a referendum on the monarchy, which resulted in its abolition and the establishment of the Third Hellenic Republic. He then became the first President of the new republic, serving from 1980 to 1985.

Karamanlis successfully negotiated Greece's accession to the European Economic Community (EEC), which was finalized in 1981. This integration anchored Greece in Western Europe and provided economic and political benefits.

Lord Dufferin served as Governor General of Canada from 1872 to 1878. He played a key role in promoting Canadian unity and cultural development, including the establishment of the Royal Society of Canada and the encouragement of the arts. His tenure was marked by his diplomatic handling of political tensions.

During Lord Dufferin's viceroyalty, the Indian National Congress was founded in Bombay with the approval of the British authorities. Dufferin initially viewed it as a safety valve for political dissent, but the Congress later became the leading organization of the Indian independence movement.

Lord Dufferin oversaw the settlement of the Afghan border dispute with Russia through the Joint Anglo-Russian Boundary Commission. The agreement defined the northern frontier of Afghanistan, reducing tensions between Britain and Russia in Central Asia, known as the 'Great Game'.

Lord Dufferin ordered the Third Anglo-Burmese War, which resulted in the annexation of Upper Burma into British India. King Thibaw Min was deposed and exiled. This completed the British conquest of Burma, adding a large territory to the British Empire.