Gangjong of Goryeo vs Zhu Wen

Gangjong became king after his brother Huijong was deposed by Choe Chung-heon. His reign coincided with the first Mongol invasions of Goryeo, though he had no authority to direct military policy.

Like his predecessors, Gangjong was a puppet king under the Choe military dictatorship. All major decisions, including responses to the Mongol threat, were made by Choe Chung-heon and his private army.

Gangjong died in 1213, just as Mongol forces under Genghis Khan began their first major campaign against Goryeo. His brief reign of two years saw no significant policy changes, and the Choe regime continued to dominate.

Zhu Wen, originally a rebel under Huang Chao, defected to the Tang dynasty in 882. He was granted the name Zhu Quanzhong and became a key general, eventually turning against the Tang and seizing control of the imperial court.

Zhu Wen ordered the murder of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang and installed the young Emperor Ai as a puppet. This act eliminated the last effective Tang ruler and paved the way for Zhu Wen's usurpation.

Zhu Wen forced Emperor Ai to abdicate and proclaimed himself emperor, founding the Later Liang dynasty. This ended the Tang dynasty and began the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in China.

Zhu Wen's Later Liang forces were decisively defeated by Li Cunxu's Jin army at Baixiang. This loss weakened Later Liang's control in the north and emboldened rival states.

Zhu Wen was murdered by his own son Zhu Yougui, who then seized the throne. The assassination plunged Later Liang into internal strife and contributed to its eventual collapse.