Christian III of Denmark vs Mustafa II

Christian III defeated the forces of the deposed Christian II and the Hanseatic League in the Count's Feud, a civil war. His victory secured his throne and allowed him to implement religious reforms without opposition.

Christian III issued a decree establishing the Lutheran Church as the state church of Denmark-Norway. Catholic bishops were imprisoned, church property was confiscated, and the Reformation was enforced throughout the realm.

Christian III confiscated all Catholic church lands and wealth, transferring them to the crown. This greatly increased royal revenues and weakened the nobility's power, strengthening the monarchy's financial base.

Christian III enacted the Church Ordinance, written by Johannes Bugenhagen, which organized the Lutheran Church in Denmark. It established bishops, liturgy, and education, creating a uniform state church system.

Mustafa II personally led the Ottoman army in campaigns against the Habsburgs, recapturing the island of Chios in 1695. He was the last Ottoman sultan to lead a military campaign in person, a tradition that ended after his reign.

Mustafa II's army was decisively defeated by the Habsburg forces under Prince Eugene of Savoy at Zenta. The Ottoman army was caught crossing the Tisza River and suffered heavy losses. This defeat led to the Treaty of Karlowitz.

Mustafa II signed the Treaty of Karlowitz with the Holy League, ending the Great Turkish War. The treaty ceded Hungary, Transylvania, and Podolia to the Habsburgs, Poland, and Venice. This marked the first major territorial loss for the Ottoman Empire.

Mustafa II was deposed by a Janissary revolt known as the Edirne Event. The rebels, angry over his reliance on the grand vizier and his stay in Edirne, marched on Istanbul. He was forced to abdicate in favor of his brother Ahmed III.