Ashina Qutlugh vs Batu Khan

Ashina Qutlugh led a revolt against the Tang dynasty's control over the Eastern Turkic Khaganate. He gathered Turkic tribes and launched attacks on Tang garrisons, initiating the restoration of Turkic independence.

Ashina Qutlugh proclaimed himself Ilterish Qaghan, founding the Second Turkic Khaganate. This title asserted his authority over the Turkic tribes and marked the formal re-establishment of the khaganate.

Ilterish Qaghan conducted a series of military campaigns against Tang China, raiding border prefectures and defeating Tang forces. These campaigns secured the khaganate's borders and extracted tribute from Tang.

Ilterish Qaghan unified the fragmented Turkic tribes under his rule, incorporating the Tiele, Sir-Tardush, and other groups into the khaganate. This consolidation created a stable base for the Second Turkic Khaganate.

Ilterish Qaghan died in 692, succeeded by his brother Qapaghan Qaghan. His death ended the founding phase of the Second Turkic Khaganate, but his legacy continued through the Orkhon inscriptions.

Batu Khan, as a subordinate commander under Subutai, participated in the Mongol victory over a coalition of Rus' princes and Cumans at the Kalka River. This battle was a precursor to the full-scale invasion of the Rus' lands.

Batu Khan led the Mongol army in the siege and sack of Kiev, the capital of the Kievan Rus'. The city was destroyed, and its population was massacred. This event marked the subjugation of the Rus' principalities to Mongol rule.

Batu Khan led the Mongol invasion of Central Europe, defeating the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohi and the Polish army at the Battle of Legnica. The campaign devastated Hungary and Poland before the Mongols withdrew due to the death of

After the Mongol invasion of Europe, Batu Khan established the Golden Horde, a khanate that controlled the western part of the Mongol Empire. The Golden Horde's territory stretched from the Ural Mountains to the Danube River, with Sarai as its capital.