William Wallace

Wallace, as co-commander of the Scottish army, defeated a larger English force at Stirling Bridge. The English army was trapped crossing the narrow bridge and routed, leading to a major Scottish victory in the First War of Scottish Independence.

After the Battle of Stirling Bridge, Wallace was knighted and appointed Guardian of Scotland, ruling in the name of King John Balliol. He led the Scottish government and military for nearly a year.

Wallace's Scottish army was defeated by Edward I's English forces at Falkirk. The English longbowmen and cavalry broke the Scottish schiltron formations, ending Wallace's military career as a commander.

Wallace was captured by English forces at Robroyston near Glasgow, reportedly betrayed by a Scottish servant. He was taken to London for trial.

Wallace was tried for treason in Westminster Hall, then executed by hanging, drawing, and quartering at Smithfield. His body parts were displayed in different towns in England and Scotland as a deterrent.