
Nguyen emperor who resisted French influence.
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Minh Mang reorganized the Vietnamese bureaucracy based on Confucian principles, centralizing power and reducing regional autonomy. He expanded the civil service examination system and promoted Neo-Confucian orthodoxy.
Minh Mang issued a series of edicts banning Christianity and ordering the destruction of churches. Missionaries were executed or expelled, and Vietnamese Christians were persecuted. This policy increased tensions with France and led to future French intervention.
Minh Mang ordered the brutal suppression of the Le Van Khoi rebellion in southern Vietnam. The revolt, led by a Catholic convert, was crushed with mass executions, and Minh Mang intensified his persecution of Christian missionaries and converts.
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