Khalid bin Barghash

Khalid bin Barghash's refusal to abdicate led to the Anglo-Zanzibar War, the shortest war in history. British warships bombarded the palace for 38 minutes, killing 500 defenders. Khalid fled to the German consulate and was exiled.

Khalid bin Barghash seized the sultanate after the death of his cousin Hamad bin Thuwaini, without British approval. He declared himself Sultan, challenging British authority over Zanzibar's succession.

After his defeat, Khalid bin Barghash was captured by the British and exiled first to the Seychelles, then to Saint Helena. He remained in exile for decades, never returning to Zanzibar, ending his political ambitions.