Juan Negrin

Negrin succeeded Largo Caballero as prime minister of the Second Spanish Republic on May 17, 1937. He formed a government dominated by the Spanish Communist Party and pursued a policy of centralizing war efforts and seeking Soviet support.

Negrin's government ordered the Battle of the Ebro, the largest Republican offensive of the Civil War, in July 1938. The battle lasted four months and ended in a costly Republican defeat, depleting the Republican army and leading to the final Nationalist advance.

Negrin announced the Thirteen Points program on April 30, 1938, outlining the Republican war aims. The program called for independence, democracy, social justice, and amnesty, but failed to attract international support or negotiate a peace settlement with the Nationalists.

As Nationalist forces captured Barcelona and Madrid, Negrin fled to France in March 1939. He continued to lead the Republican government-in-exile until 1945, but was unable to secure international recognition or support for the restoration of the Republic.