Joao Goulart

João Goulart was elected vice president of Brazil in 1960 on the ticket of the Brazilian Labor Party (PTB), alongside President Jânio Quadros. He assumed office on January 31, 1961.

After Quadros resigned in August 1961, Goulart assumed the presidency on September 7, 1961, following a political crisis and a compromise that established a parliamentary system. He was the first president from the PTB.

Goulart nationalized the International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT) company and the Companhia Sider

Goulart proposed a series of 'Basic Reforms' (Reformas de Base) in 1963, including land reform, tax reform, educational reform, and the nationalization of foreign-owned utilities. These proposals faced strong opposition from conservative sectors and the military.

Goulart was overthrown by a military coup on April 1, 1964, which established a military dictatorship that lasted until 1985. He fled to Uruguay and later to Argentina, where he lived in exile until his death.