Joao Goulart vs Lord Castlereagh

João Goulart was elected vice president of Brazil in 1960 on the ticket of the Brazilian Labor Party (PTB), alongside President Jânio Quadros. He assumed office on January 31, 1961.

After Quadros resigned in August 1961, Goulart assumed the presidency on September 7, 1961, following a political crisis and a compromise that established a parliamentary system. He was the first president from the PTB.

Goulart nationalized the International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT) company and the Companhia Sider

Goulart proposed a series of 'Basic Reforms' (Reformas de Base) in 1963, including land reform, tax reform, educational reform, and the nationalization of foreign-owned utilities. These proposals faced strong opposition from conservative sectors and the military.

Goulart was overthrown by a military coup on April 1, 1964, which established a military dictatorship that lasted until 1985. He fled to Uruguay and later to Argentina, where he lived in exile until his death.

Castlereagh was the chief British negotiator for the Treaty of Paris, which ended the war with France and exiled Napoleon to Elba. The treaty restored the Bourbon monarchy and set lenient terms for France, aiming to stabilize Europe.

Castlereagh represented Britain at the Congress of Vienna, which redrew the map of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. He advocated for a balance of power and the containment of France, securing British interests and establishing a framework for European diplomacy that lasted decades.

Castlereagh helped form the Quadruple Alliance between Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia after Napoleon's final defeat. This alliance aimed to maintain the Vienna settlement and prevent future French aggression through periodic congresses.

Castlereagh died by suicide at his country estate, North Cray Place, using a letter opener. He had been suffering from paranoia and overwork, exacerbated by political attacks. His death shocked the British political establishment.