Hyeonjong of Joseon

Upon Hyojong's death, a dispute arose over the mourning period for his stepmother Queen Dowager Jaui. The Westerners faction argued for a one-year period, while the Southerners argued for three years. King Hyeonjong sided with the Westerners, deepening factional divisions.

Hyeonjong supported Neo-Confucian scholars and institutions, including the publication of the 'Dongguk Tonggam' (Comprehensive Mirror of the Eastern Kingdom). This reinforced Confucian orthodoxy but also fueled ideological conflicts among factions.

After Queen Inseon's death, another ritual dispute erupted over the mourning period for King Hyojong's wife. The Southerners faction gained power by arguing for a three-year period. Hyeonjong accepted their view, leading to the Westerners' purge.