Hulegu Khan

Hulagu's army captured and destroyed the mountain fortresses of the Nizari Ismailis (Assassins), including Alamut. The Ismaili state was effectively eliminated, and their library and treasures were burned. This removed a major political and military force in Persia.

Hulagu established the Ilkhanate as a Mongol khanate in Persia, with his capital at Maragheh. The state encompassed modern Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan, and parts of Turkey and Syria, and it became a major power in the Middle East.

Hulagu's Mongol army besieged and sacked Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. The city was systematically destroyed, with estimates of 100,000 to 1 million civilians killed. The last Abbasid caliph, Al-Musta'sim, was executed, ending the Islamic Golden Age.

Hulagu's forces, led by general Kitbuqa, were defeated by the Mamluk Sultanate at Ain Jalut in Palestine. This was the first major Mongol defeat in the Middle East, halting Mongol expansion into Syria and Egypt. Hulagu was unable to reinforce due to the Berke

Hulagu fought a war against his cousin Berke, Khan of the Golden Horde, after Berke converted to Islam and opposed the destruction of Baghdad. The war involved battles in the Caucasus and weakened both khanates, preventing further Mongol expansion westward.