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Last ruling elector, deposed by Prussia.
Frederick William succeeded his father William II as the last Elector of Hesse-Kassel. He inherited a state deeply divided between conservative monarchists and liberal reformers, with tensions rising across Germany.
During the 1848 revolutions, Frederick William initially conceded to some demands, but later used Austrian and Prussian troops to suppress the uprising. He restored absolute rule, reversing all liberal reforms.
During the Austro-Prussian War, Frederick William sided with Austria. After Prussia's victory, Hesse-Kassel was annexed by Prussia. Frederick William was deposed and went into exile, ending the Hesse-Kassel monarchy.