Faisal of Saudi Arabia

Upon becoming king, Faisal launched a series of modernization reforms including the introduction of television, expansion of education for girls, abolition of slavery, and creation of a modern bureaucracy. These reforms faced opposition from conservative religious elements.

King Faisal led Saudi Arabia in implementing an oil embargo against nations supporting Israel during the Yom Kippur War. The embargo caused global oil prices to quadruple, reshaping international energy politics and increasing Saudi influence.

Faisal coordinated with other Arab oil-producing states to use oil as a political weapon, leading to the formation of OAPEC and the first use of oil price controls for political ends. This marked a shift in global economic power.

King Faisal was shot and killed by his nephew, Prince Faisal bin Musaid, during a royal audience at the Royal Palace in Riyadh. The assassination ended Faisal's reformist reign and led to the accession of King Khalid.