Di Xin of Shang

Di Xin allegedly built a pool filled with wine and hung meat in trees, creating a 'wine pool and meat forest' for extravagant orgies. This story, recorded in later texts, exemplifies his reputation as a decadent tyrant.

Di Xin imprisoned King Wen of Zhou at Youli, a Shang prison. During his captivity, King Wen is said to have studied the I Ching. Di Xin later released him after receiving tribute, a decision that allowed Zhou to continue its rise.

Di Xin's Shang army was defeated by King Wu of Zhou at the Battle of Muye. The Shang forces, including slave soldiers who defected, were routed. This battle ended the Shang dynasty and established Zhou rule over China.

After the defeat at Muye, Di Xin retreated to the Deer Terrace Pavilion, adorned himself with jade, and set the building on fire, burning himself to death. This act became a symbol of his tyranny and the Shang dynasty's fall.