Ali Hassan al-Majid

Al-Majid was appointed head of the Ba'ath Party's Northern Bureau, giving him authority over Kurdish regions. He implemented a policy of forced displacement and Arabization, known as the Anfal campaign, targeting Kurdish populations.

Al-Majid ordered the use of chemical weapons against the Kurdish town of Halabja, killing an estimated 5,000 civilians. The attack, which included mustard gas and nerve agents, became a symbol of Saddam's brutality and led to his nickname 'Chemical Ali'.

Al-Majid was sent to southern Iraq to crush the Shia uprising following the Gulf War. He used indiscriminate force, including artillery and helicopter attacks, on civilian areas, resulting in thousands of deaths and the destruction of holy sites.

Al-Majid was captured by US forces in August 2003. He was tried by the Iraqi High Tribunal for genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. He was sentenced to death multiple times and executed by hanging in 2010.