Alcibiades

Alcibiades persuaded Athens to launch a massive expedition against Syracuse in Sicily. He was appointed as one of the commanders but was recalled to face charges of sacrilege. He defected to Sparta instead, providing them with strategic advice that contributed to Athens' defeat.

After being recalled from the Sicilian Expedition, Alcibiades fled to Sparta. He advised the Spartans to fortify Decelea in Attica and to send aid to Syracuse, actions that severely weakened Athens. His defection was a major blow to Athenian strategy.

Alcibiades returned to Athens after being recalled by the democratic faction. He led the Athenian navy to several victories over the Spartans, including at Cyzicus and Abydos, restoring Athenian morale and temporarily reversing the tide of the war.

After a naval defeat at Notium, Alcibiades was again exiled from Athens. He fled to Phrygia in Persia, where he was assassinated by Persian agents, likely at the instigation of the Spartan general Lysander. His death ended his turbulent political career.