Kangxi Emperor vs Yeshwantrao Holkar

The Kangxi Emperor faced a major rebellion led by three powerful Han Chinese feudatories in southern China, including Wu Sangui. He personally directed military campaigns, and by 1681 the revolt was crushed, consolidating Qing control over the south.

Kangxi ordered the invasion of Taiwan, then held by the Ming loyalist Zheng Keshuang. Qing naval forces defeated the Zheng fleet, and Taiwan was incorporated into the Qing Empire as a prefecture, ending the last major Ming resistance.

The Kangxi Emperor negotiated the Treaty of Nerchinsk with the Russian Empire, establishing the border between Siberia and Manchuria. This was China's first treaty with a European power and secured the northern frontier, allowing trade and diplomatic relations.

Kangxi personally met with Khalkha Mongol leaders at Dolon Nor, where they formally submitted to Qing authority. This brought Outer Mongolia under Qing control, ending the Dzungar threat and expanding the empire's northern borders.

Kangxi commissioned the Kangxi Dictionary, a comprehensive dictionary of Chinese characters. It became the standard reference for Chinese lexicography, containing over 47,000 characters and influencing scholarship for centuries.

Yeshwantrao Holkar defeated the combined forces of the Peshwa and Scindia at the Battle of Poona. This victory made him the dominant Maratha power in the Deccan and forced the Peshwa to flee.

The Peshwa Baji Rao II signed the Treaty of Bassein with the British, seeking their help against Yeshwantrao Holkar. This treaty brought the British into Maratha affairs and triggered the Second Anglo-Maratha War.

Yeshwantrao Holkar besieged the British-held fort of Bharatpur but failed to capture it. The siege ended inconclusively, and Holkar was forced to retreat after British reinforcements arrived.

Yeshwantrao Holkar signed the Treaty of Rajghat with the British, ending his participation in the Second Anglo-Maratha War. He ceded some territories but retained his kingdom's independence.