Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia vs King Sobhuza II

Francia was appointed Supreme Dictator of Paraguay by a congress, consolidating absolute power. He established a regime of total isolation, banning foreign trade and travel, and suppressing internal opposition to maintain Paraguayan independence from Argentina and Brazil.

Francia ordered the complete closure of Paraguay's land and river borders, cutting off all external trade and communication. This policy, enforced for decades, aimed to protect Paraguay from foreign influence but led to economic stagnation and self-sufficiency.

Francia confiscated all property of the Catholic Church in Paraguay, including land and buildings, and placed the clergy under state control. He also suppressed religious orders and executed several priests who opposed his rule.

Francia died of natural causes in Asunci

Sobhuza II was crowned King of Swaziland (now Eswatini) on December 22, 1921, at age 22. He succeeded his father, King Bhunu, and began a reign that would last 82 years.

Sobhuza II opposed the British-imposed 1963 constitution, which limited his powers and established a parliamentary system. He petitioned the British government for a return to traditional rule.

Sobhuza II led Swaziland to independence from Britain on September 6, 1968. He became the head of state, with a constitution that established a Westminster-style parliamentary system.

Sobhuza II repealed the 1968 constitution and assumed absolute power, banning political parties. He justified this as necessary to preserve Swazi tradition and prevent ethnic conflict, establishing a traditional monarchy.

Sobhuza II introduced the Tinkhundla system of governance, a traditional-based electoral system where chiefs and local councils elect members of parliament. This system remains in place in Eswatini today.

Sobhuza II celebrated his 60th year on the throne in 1981, becoming the longest-reigning monarch in recorded history. The event was marked by national celebrations and international recognition.