Jiang Wei vs Memnon of Rhodes

After Zhuge Liang's death, Jiang Wei was appointed as the commander of Shu Han's military forces, tasked with continuing the Northern Expeditions against Wei. He was given command of the remaining troops.

Jiang Wei launched his first major campaign against Wei, attacking the Wei-held territories of Longxi and Nan'an. The campaign achieved limited gains but failed to capture key cities.

Over the course of his career, Jiang Wei launched eleven separate campaigns against Wei, each with varying degrees of success. These campaigns drained Shu Han's resources and manpower without achieving a decisive breakthrough.

Jiang Wei's forces were decisively defeated by Deng Ai at Taoxi. The defeat forced Jiang Wei to retreat and weakened Shu Han's military position.

After Deng Ai's surprise attack on Chengdu, Jiang Wei surrendered to the Wei general. He later attempted to restore Shu by conspiring with Zhong Hui, but the plot failed and he was killed.

Memnon commanded the Persian defense of Halicarnassus against Alexander the Great. He used fortified positions and naval sorties to delay the Macedonian advance, forcing Alexander to besiege the city for months before it fell.

Memnon advised Darius III to adopt a scorched earth strategy, destroying crops and villages to deny supplies to Alexander's army. The Persian court rejected this plan, leading to the Battle of Granicus and subsequent losses.

Memnon launched a naval campaign to recapture Greek islands and threaten Alexander's supply lines. He captured Chios and most of Lesbos, but died during the siege of Mytilene, ending the Persian counteroffensive.