Jayalalithaa vs Pravedes Mateo Sagasta

Jayalalithaa joined the AIADMK, the party founded by M.G. Ramachandran (MGR). She was appointed propaganda secretary, using her oratory skills to promote the party. This marked her entry into full-time politics after a successful film career.

Jayalalithaa led the AIADMK to a landslide victory in the 1991 Tamil Nadu election, winning 164 out of 234 seats. She became Chief Minister for the first time. Her government focused on populist schemes but also faced allegations of corruption and authoritarianism.

Jayalalithaa's government launched a series of subsidized welfare schemes under the 'Amma' brand, including Amma canteens (low-cost meals), Amma water, and Amma pharmacies. These schemes provided affordable services to the poor and became a model for other states.

Jayalalithaa was convicted by a special court in Bangalore for amassing disproportionate assets worth

After the Karnataka High Court acquitted her in the disproportionate assets case, Jayalalithaa returned as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu in 2015. She led the AIADMK to victory in the 2016 election, winning a second consecutive term. Her return consolidated her power.

Sagasta and Conservative leader C

As Prime Minister, Sagasta passed a law establishing universal male suffrage in Spain. This reform expanded the electorate from about 800,000 to over 4 million voters, though electoral manipulation continued through caciquismo.

Sagasta was Prime Minister when the Spanish-American War broke out after the sinking of the USS Maine. Spain lost its remaining colonies of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines, marking the end of the Spanish Empire.