Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein vs Subhan Quli Khan

Hans-Adam II became Prince of Liechtenstein on November 13, 1989, following the death of his father, Prince Franz Joseph II. He inherited a constitutional monarchy with significant powers, including the ability to veto legislation and dissolve parliament.

Under Hans-Adam II's reign, Liechtenstein transformed into a major financial center, leveraging low taxes and banking secrecy. He oversaw the modernization of the economy, including accession to the European Economic Area in 1995, boosting prosperity but also attracting international scrutiny over tax evasion.

Hans-Adam II pushed through a constitutional reform in a 2003 referendum, expanding his powers to include the right to dismiss the government, veto laws, and appoint judges. The reform was controversial, with critics calling it a step toward absolutism, but it passed with 64% support.

On August 15, 2004, Hans-Adam II transferred the day-to-day executive powers to his son, Hereditary Prince Alois, while retaining the role of head of state. This move was part of a planned succession and allowed Alois to gain experience in governance.

Subhan Quli Khan became the Jani-Begid ruler of the Khanate of Bukhara after the death of his brother Abd al-Aziz Khan. His reign was the longest of the Ashtarkhanid dynasty, lasting over two decades.

Subhan Quli Khan ruled Bukhara for 21 years, a period of relative stability. He maintained the khanate's borders and avoided major conflicts, though the state's power continued to decline gradually.

Subhan Quli Khan died in 1702, ending his long reign. His death led to a succession struggle among his sons, further weakening the Ashtarkhanid dynasty and paving the way for future instability.