Frederick VII of Denmark vs Malharrao Gaekwad

Frederick VII faced a rebellion in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, supported by Prussia. The war ended in 1851 with the London Protocol, which confirmed Danish sovereignty over Schleswig-Holstein but required Denmark not to integrate Schleswig into the kingdom.

Frederick VII signed the Danish Constitution on June 5, 1849, transforming Denmark from an absolute monarchy into a constitutional monarchy. The constitution established a bicameral parliament (Rigsdag) and granted civil rights to citizens, ending royal absolutism.

Frederick VII agreed to the abolition of the

Frederick VII signed the November Constitution, which incorporated Schleswig into Denmark in violation of the London Protocol. This act provoked the Second Schleswig War with Prussia and Austria, leading to Danish defeat and loss of the duchies.

Malharrao Gaekwad became Maharaja of Baroda after the deposition of his predecessor. His reign was marked by administrative inefficiency and personal extravagance, leading to widespread discontent.

Malharrao was accused of attempting to poison Colonel Robert Phayre, the British Resident in Baroda. The trial was a major scandal, and although the evidence was disputed, it contributed to his deposition.

The British East India Company deposed Malharrao Gaekwad on charges of misgovernment and financial mismanagement. He was exiled to Madras (Chennai), where he lived under British supervision until his death.