Felipe VI of Spain vs Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi

Felipe VI was proclaimed king after the abdication of his father Juan Carlos I. He inherited a monarchy facing public scrutiny due to scandals, and his reign has focused on restoring the institution's credibility and transparency.

In response to the Catalan independence referendum, Felipe VI gave a televised address condemning the separatist actions and defending the Spanish Constitution. His speech was seen as a firm stance against secession, but also drew criticism for its lack of conciliation.

Felipe VI renounced his personal inheritance from his father Juan Carlos I, who was under investigation for financial irregularities. This move was intended to distance the monarchy from the scandals and demonstrate a commitment to transparency and accountability.

Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi became the Ruler of Sharjah on January 25, 1972, after the assassination of his cousin, Khalid bin Muhammad Al Qasimi. He is the current ruler and has served as a member of the UAE Supreme Council.

Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi, a noted historian, authored several books on Gulf history, including 'The Myth of Arab Piracy in the Gulf' (1986) and 'The Gulf in Historic Maps' (1996). His works challenged Western narratives and promoted regional historiography.

Sultan bin Muhammad launched the Sharjah Biennial in 1993, an international art exhibition that became a major event in the Middle East. He also established the Sharjah Art Foundation and numerous museums, promoting Sharjah as a cultural capital.

Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi founded the University of Sharjah in 1997, a major institution for higher education in the UAE. The university offers a wide range of programs and has become a center for academic and cultural exchange.