Engelbert Dollfuss vs Leni Robredo

In March 1933, Dollfuss used a parliamentary procedural crisis to suspend the National Council and rule by emergency decree. He banned the Communist Party, the Nazi Party, and eventually the Social Democratic Party, establishing a one-party authoritarian state known as the Austrofascist regime.

In February 1934, Dollfuss ordered the military and police to attack Social Democratic Party strongholds in Vienna and other cities. The conflict lasted several days, resulting in hundreds of deaths and the outlawing of the Social Democratic Party and its paramilitary organization, the Republikanischer Schutzbund.

On July 25, 1934, Austrian Nazis, with support from Germany, stormed the Federal Chancellery in Vienna. Dollfuss was shot and died from his wounds. The coup attempt failed to seize power, but Dollfuss's death marked a major escalation in Nazi pressure on Austria.

Robredo was elected vice president under the Liberal Party ticket, running alongside Mar Roxas. She defeated Bongbong Marcos by a narrow margin of 263,000 votes. The election result was later challenged by Marcos in the Supreme Court.

President Rodrigo Duterte appointed Robredo as chair of the HUDCC. She launched the 'Pabahay' program to provide housing for informal settlers. However, she was later removed from the position in 2017 after criticizing Duterte's war on drugs.

After being removed from the cabinet, Robredo emerged as the most prominent critic of the Duterte administration. She condemned the drug war killings, human rights abuses, and authoritarian tendencies. She led the opposition coalition in the 2019 and 2022 elections.

Robredo ran for president as the standard-bearer of the opposition. She campaigned on good governance and unity but lost to Bongbong Marcos by a landslide, receiving only 28% of the vote. She conceded and returned to private life.