Anne of Great Britain vs Pakubuwono X

Anne's reign saw Britain's involvement in the War of the Spanish Succession against France and Spain. British forces under the Duke of Marlborough achieved major victories at Blenheim, Ramillies, and Oudenarde. The war ended with the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713.

Anne supported the Occasional Conformity Act (1711) and the Schism Act (1714), which aimed to strengthen the Church of England and suppress dissenters. These acts reflected her high church Tory sympathies and her commitment to Anglican supremacy.

Anne gave royal assent to the Acts of Union, which united the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain. This created a single parliament in London and ended Scottish independence. Anne became the first monarch of Great Britain.

Anne died of illness at Kensington Palace at age 49. She was the last Stuart monarch. Her death triggered the succession of the Hanoverian line under George I, as specified by the Act of Settlement 1701, which excluded Catholic claimants.

Pakubuwono X ascended the throne of the Surakarta Sunanate, a princely state in the Dutch East Indies. His reign was marked by cooperation with the Dutch colonial authorities, maintaining the traditional power structure under colonial rule.

Pakubuwono X maintained a close relationship with the Dutch colonial government, supporting their policies in Java. His cooperation helped preserve the Sunanate's privileges but also limited his authority, as real power remained with the Dutch.

Pakubuwono X oversaw the construction of the Pura Mangkunegaran palace complex in Surakarta, a major architectural project that blended Javanese and European styles. The palace became a symbol of his reign and Javanese cultural heritage.

Pakubuwono X died after a reign of 46 years, one of the longest in Javanese history. He was succeeded by his son, Pakubuwono XI, who continued the Sunanate's role under Dutch colonial rule until the Japanese occupation.