An-Nasir Muhammad vs Sukjong of Goryeo

An-Nasir Muhammad became Sultan at age 8 after the assassination of his brother Al-Ashraf Khalil. His reign was dominated by regents Kitbugha and Lajin. He was deposed after a year due to factional infighting among the Mamluks.

An-Nasir Muhammad was restored to the throne after the death of Sultan Lajin. He ruled for a decade but faced challenges from powerful emirs. He was again deposed in 1309 by Baybars II, a Mamluk commander.

An-Nasir Muhammad implemented administrative and economic reforms. He reduced taxes, improved irrigation systems, and built canals. He also constructed numerous mosques, madrasas, and hospitals in Cairo, including the famous Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque.

An-Nasir Muhammad regained the throne for a third time after defeating Baybars II. He then purged rival emirs and centralized power. His third reign lasted 31 years, bringing stability and prosperity to the Mamluk Sultanate.

An-Nasir Muhammad died in Cairo after a long illness. His death ended the most stable period of the Mamluk Sultanate. He was succeeded by a series of short-lived sons, leading to a period of decline and factional strife.

King Sukjong ordered the minting and circulation of bronze coins, known as 'haedong tongbo', to replace barter and cloth currency. This reform aimed to standardize trade and strengthen the Goryeo economy, though adoption was slow and limited to certain regions.

Sukjong initiated the construction of a new secondary capital at Namgyeong (modern Seoul) to strengthen royal authority and counterbalance the influence of the Kaesong aristocracy. The project included palaces and defensive walls, but was not completed during his reign.

Sukjong faced a rebellion led by the powerful aristocrat Yi Ja-gyeom, who opposed the king's centralizing reforms. The rebellion was suppressed, but Sukjong died shortly after, leaving the conflict unresolved.