Alfonso XIII vs Tukoji Rao Holkar II

Alfonso XIII became King of Spain at birth, as his father Alfonso XII had died. His mother Maria Cristina served as regent until he came of age in 1902.

During Alfonso XIII's minority, Spain lost the Spanish-American War, ceding Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the United States. This disaster led to the Generation of '98 and a crisis of national identity.

Spanish forces suffered a catastrophic defeat at Annual in Morocco, with thousands killed by Rifian rebels. The disaster severely damaged the monarchy's prestige and led to political crisis.

Alfonso XIII supported General Miguel Primo de Rivera's coup, which established a military dictatorship. The king's association with the dictatorship further eroded support for the monarchy.

After the Republican victory in municipal elections, Alfonso XIII left Spain without abdicating. The Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed, and he lived in exile until his death in 1941.

Tukoji Rao Holkar II became Maharaja of Indore at age 0 after the death of his father, Malhar Rao Holkar III. His reign was initially under a regency, and he later assumed full powers, ruling until his death in 1886.

Tukoji Rao Holkar II provided military support to the British East India Company during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. He sent troops to assist in suppressing the uprising in Central India, maintaining Indore's loyalty to the British.

Tukoji Rao Holkar II began the construction of the Lal Bagh Palace in Indore, a grand neoclassical residence. The palace was completed after his death and became a symbol of Holkar wealth and architectural patronage.