Alexander I of Yugoslavia vs Milan I of Serbia

During a parliamentary session in Belgrade, Montenegrin deputy Puni

Alexander I abolished the Vidovdan Constitution, dissolved parliament, and established a royal dictatorship. He renamed the country the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and sought to centralize power, suppress ethnic nationalism, and impose a unified Yugoslav identity, which intensified ethnic tensions.

Alexander I officially renamed the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia on October 3, 1929. This was part of his effort to promote national unity and centralize the state, but it failed to resolve deep ethnic divisions.

Alexander I was assassinated in Marseille, France, by Vlado Chernozemski, a member of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization. The assassination, which also killed French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou, destabilized the Balkan region and contributed to rising tensions before World War II.

Milan Obrenovic became Prince of Serbia in June 1868 at age 14 after the assassination of his cousin Mihailo. A regency ruled until he came of age in 1872.

Milan I proclaimed Serbia a kingdom and himself as king in March 1882, elevating the principality to a kingdom. This act was recognized by the great powers and increased Serbia's international status.

Milan I declared war on Bulgaria in November 1885, but Serbian forces were defeated at the Battle of Slivnitsa. The war ended with a peace treaty mediated by Austria-Hungary, resulting in no territorial changes.

Milan I abdicated the Serbian throne in March 1889 in favor of his son Alexander. He went into exile, partly due to political pressure and personal scandals.