Abu Lahab vs Shang Yang

Abu Lahab ibn Abd al-Muttalib publicly rejected Muhammad's claim to prophethood. He mocked Muhammad and actively opposed his message, using his influence to turn the Quraysh against Islam. His wife Umm Jamil also harassed Muhammad.

Abu Lahab and his wife were condemned in Surah al-Masad (Chapter 111) of the Quran, which states they will perish in hellfire. This is the only instance where a contemporary of Muhammad is explicitly named and cursed in the Quran.

Abu Lahab died shortly after the Battle of Badr, reportedly from a disease. His death was seen by Muslims as divine punishment. He never converted to Islam and remained an opponent until his death.

Shang Yang implemented his first set of Legalist reforms in the Qin state, including the abolition of aristocratic privileges, promotion of agriculture and military merit, and the introduction of a strict legal code. These reforms centralized power and increased state efficiency.

Shang Yang introduced further reforms, including the reorganization of the state into administrative counties, standardization of weights and measures, and the promotion of collective responsibility. These measures strengthened Qin's military and bureaucratic capacity.

Shang Yang led a Qin army to victory against the Wei state at the Battle of Anyi. The victory captured the Wei capital and forced Wei to cede territory, significantly expanding Qin's power and demonstrating the effectiveness of his military reforms.

After the death of Duke Xiao of Qin, Shang Yang was accused of treason by the new ruler, King Huiwen. He attempted to flee but was captured and executed by dismemberment (chariot tearing). His family was also executed, ending his influence.