Abdallahi ibn Muhammad vs Ahmadou Tall

Following Muhammad Ahmad's death, Abdallahi ibn Muhammad succeeded him as Khalifa (successor) of the Mahdist state. He consolidated power by eliminating rivals and establishing a military dictatorship based on his Ta'aisha tribe.

Anglo-Egyptian forces under General Herbert Kitchener defeated the Mahdist army at Omdurman on September 2, 1898. The battle resulted in over 10,000 Mahdist casualties and effectively ended the Mahdist state's control over Sudan.

Abdallahi ibn Muhammad was killed in action at the Battle of Umm Diwaykarat on November 25, 1899. His death marked the final defeat of the Mahdist movement and the establishment of Anglo-Egyptian condominium rule over Sudan.

Ahmadou Tall succeeded his father Umar Tall as ruler of the Toucouleur Empire after Umar's death. He faced immediate challenges from rival brothers and regional rebellions, weakening the empire's unity.

Ahmadou Tall signed a treaty with France at Nango, recognizing French protectorate status over parts of the Toucouleur Empire. The treaty ceded territory and trade rights, marking the beginning of French domination over the empire.

French forces captured the Toucouleur capital of Segou, forcing Ahmadou Tall to flee eastward. The loss of the capital effectively ended Toucouleur sovereignty and marked the collapse of the empire.

Ahmadou Tall died in exile in Sokoto after years of fleeing French forces. His death ended the last remnants of Toucouleur resistance and the dynasty founded by his father.